Turabian is the student version of Chicago and offers two systems: notes-bibliography (numbered footnotes plus a bibliography) and author-date (parenthetical citations plus a reference list). Pick the one your department requires.
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In-text citation
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What this style does
Notes-bibliography uses first-name order in the note (Jane Doe) but inverted order in the bibliography (Doe, Jane). The note also carries the page you cited; the bibliography entry does not.
Turabian 9th follows Chicago 17th in preferring a short form for repeat citations over ibid.
Bibliography entries list up to ten authors; with eleven or more, list the first seven followed by et al.
In author-date, the year moves to directly after the author name in the reference list (Doe, Jane. 2020. Title…), and in-text citations read (Doe 2020, 45).
Book notes wrap publication details in parentheses: (New York: Academic Press, 2020). The bibliography entry uses the same information without parentheses.
How to use it
Pick the source type at the top of the form.
Fill in the fields that apply — leave optional ones empty.
The reference entry and the matching in-text citation update as you type; copy the reference with the button.
Turabian is the student adaptation of Chicago and the citation patterns are essentially identical; Turabian simplifies a few rules and adds detailed guidance for theses and dissertations.
Which system should I use?
Notes-bibliography is standard in history, literature and the arts; author-date is used in the social sciences. Your instructor, department or thesis office specifies which one — when in doubt, notes-bibliography is the more common choice in Turabian contexts.
What is the difference between a note and a bibliography entry?
The note lists the author as First Last, puts publication details in parentheses and ends with the specific page cited. The bibliography entry inverts the author to Last, First, drops the parentheses and gives the full page range instead of one page.
How do I cite a source a second time?
Use the short form: author surname, shortened title, page — for example, Doe, Modern Europe, 67. Turabian 9th deprecates ibid.
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